SC VS ST

Introduction

The most challenging concept in Indian economy deals with understanding problems of weaker sections. The government plays a major role by providing various services through public sector. In India, public sector generates large number of employment opportunities and by providing employment it leads to higher standard of living. Thereby, Public sector has larger share in the growth of countries economic condition.

 

Today reservation has become a matter of debate. In India reservation means a quota-based approach which includes scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes. The reservation system was advocated by B R.Ambedkar, a 10 year period of constituencies and wanted to be make it permanent. But he had made a statement it will be discontinued 10 years after the adaptation of constitution .The main aim was to bring oppressed class to main stream. Earlier, Dalits were rejected due to their caste in Indian public sector. Reservation provides a solution to many problems. Since the act has been passed by the Government of India it created controversies, behind those controversies it had achieved the growth of scheduled caste and scheduled tribes. After implementing Reservation, people got more opportunities to explore themselves in job. So the recruitment of weaker section under reservation quotas made to increase economic condition.Thereby, in some extent poverty has been eradicated.

 

Theoretical background

The back ground behind the caste system was originated for a more than two thousand years  ago. There are two concepts in the caste system namely, ‘Varna’ and ‘jati’. Varna is referred to as class and jati means caste. According to the ancient Hindu religious book Rig Veda, the primal man destroyed himself for the creation of human society and four different varnas were created from different parts of this body. Brahmins were created from his head, Kshatriyas from his hands, Vaishyas from his thighs and Shudras from his feet. Varna refers to four social classes that existed in the Vedic period namely Brahmins-the priests, Kshatriyas-kings and warriors, Vaishyas-merchants and landowners, Shudras the servants. Finally untouchables that falls out of the Varna system. This group was not allowed to enter any of the temples and to take part in any of the religious ceremonies. Jati refers to birth and people are divided into different castes by their occupation and it is hereditary and all the jatis belong to one of the four varnas. These caste systems are also practiced in other religions like Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Sikhism. The most common form of caste discrimination in India was the practice of untouchability. Scheduled Castes also known as Dalits were the main targets. Scheduled Tribes also called adivasis are people residing in forests. Since India followed a certain type of racism, the makers of Indian constitution introduced reservation while the Indian constitution was drafted. The main objective of caste reservation system is to uplift these backward class people and to enhance educational and job opportunities in India. Present caste based reservations as per the government of India for Scheduled caste’s  is 15 percent and Scheduled tribes is  7.5% of vacancies in public sector and government aided educational institutes.

Conclusion

We conclude from this study, that SC’s utilize the benefits given to them effectively but ST’s are not coming forward to use the complete benefits given. This may be due to some problems that they were facing like, social discrimination, lack of awareness about the vacancies in the jobs, reservation, lack of qualification and comfort in the job. This can be overcome by creating awareness among those groups of people about the jobs and encourage them to apply for the same.

Government has undertaken some measures to overcome this, by introducing reservations in educational sectors and making school education up to the age of 14 years compulsory and by providing them free lunch in schools to encourage poor children to go to the schools and gain enough knowledge and make themselves eligible for various jobs.